直升機飛行教員手冊 Helicopter Flight Instructor Manual

時間：2012-06-08 09:45來源：藍天飛行翻譯 作者：航空 點擊：次

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Review
Advanced Take-offs and Landings – Exercise 15 Motivation
The ability to operate from areas where space is confined and restricted is a basic part of the helicopter’s place in aviation. It is vital that a helicopter pilot be able to take full advantage of this ability.
Airmanship Lookout
Wind velocity Performance
Teaching Points
Explain that this exercise can be considered in six stages, as follows:
Power Check conducted and margins established. Initial or high reconnaissance
Point out to students that they must first positively identify the intended landing area. At this initial stage it is essential to carry out a power check to establish the size of the area they can consider.
The initial reconnaissance will generally be flown in a circular pattern to the pilot’s side at an airspeed appropriate to the type of helicopter.
Three factors should be considered at this stage:
power available. The size and difficulty of a confined area vary with the density altitude and AUW/power available.
W/V. An initial assessment of the wind should be made, to be verified later.
general suitability. Establish that the confined area is worth closer inspection and that there is no more suitable alternative in the vicinity.
Low reconnaissance
The purpose of the low reconnaissance is to confirm that the area is suitable for the intended operation and to determine the best method of making an approach and landing.
Prior to descending from the initial reconnaissance, check the wind and verify its strength and direction. Smoke, ripples on water, long grass, flags or clothes on a line all give a good indication.
Factors that the student should take into consideration must include the seven‘S’s:
1 Size: Is it big enough?
2 Shape: Does the shape favour an approach from a particular direction?
3 Slope: Is the ground level enough for landing?
4 Surface: What is the surface of the area? Are there obstacles that might be obstructions, or a surface that might be a hazard, such as dust or snow?

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