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直升機(jī)飛行教員手冊 Helicopter Flight Instructor Manual

時間：2012-06-08 09:45來源：藍(lán)天飛行翻譯 作者：航空 點(diǎn)擊：次

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increasing the airspeed entering autorotation.
Describe the techniques for initiating and recovering from vortex ring safely under training conditions, as follows:
In nil or light wind conditions, climb to an altitude sufficient for safe recovery.
Carry out a good lookout, particularly below.; Initiate a rate of descent iwith low airspeed. Apply power.
Observe the signs and rate of descent, as appropriate to the type of helicopter. When the symptoms have sufficiently developed, recover by transition to forward flight or by entering autorotation.
Stress that avoidance is preferable and that by being constantly aware of W/V and rates of descent it should be possible to prevent vortex ring from occurring.
AIR EXERCISE
Demonstrate incipient vortex ring, together with safe recovery procedures.
Student practice
TIPS FOR INSTRUCTORS
This exercise need not necessarily involve a separate air lesson but can be combined with another dual flight.
The airflow conditions that give rise to the formation of a vortex ring state will occur only if the following are present:
The helicopter has induced flow passing down through the rotor system (IN POWERED FLIGHT).
There is an external flow directly opposing the induced flow (HIGH RATE OF DESCENT).
The indicated airspeed is low (DOWNWIND OR CALM WIND CONDITIONS).
Brief the student on the following signs of vortex ring:
judder and stick shake
random yawing off heading
rapid increase in rate of descent
cyclic stick less effective
random rolling and pitching.
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PRACTICAL LOADING AND MAXIMUM
WEIGHT OPERATIONS
GROUND SCHOOL POINTS
Flight manual: Weight and balance
Performance charts
PREPARATORY INSTRUCTION
Aim
For the student to learn safe loading and operation of the helicopter up to maximum approved gross weight
Motivation
It is important that pilots can make full use of the helicopter’s capabilities, at the same time being fully aware of its safe limitations.

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