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直升機(jī)飛行教員手冊 Helicopter Flight Instructor Manual

時間：2012-06-08 09:45來源：藍(lán)天飛行翻譯 作者：航空 點(diǎn)擊：次

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The student must be very aware of any obstacles that can catch the landing gear or tail rotor. Turns should normally be about the tail. Make sure that the student manoeuvres only when necessary or to take advantage of the area’s size or shape for departure or landing.
Departure
Departures should be initiated from as low a hover as is practicable and at the maximum safe distance from the obstacles on the departure path. This gives the student the best power difference in case of emergency.
All departures should be preceded by a power check at the hover. The ideal departure is that which requires least power (i.e., at a shallow angle). The pilot must therefore assess whether he or she can safely clear the obstacles ahead having made a standard departure.
If the obstacles are too high or too near, a vertical or towering departure should be considered.
It requires practice and experience to determine which method should be used, but the student should avoid departure in a manner which will put him or her close to the obstacles without first having achieved translational lift.
Aborted departure
If there is a mechanical failure or similar emergency, or if the pilot makes an error of judgement, the departure will have to be aborted. This is a critical manoeuvre, and the pilot should remember that:
the earlier the decision to abort is made, the easier the recovery
Operational considerations
After the student has achieved competence in confined areas, the instructor should introduce operational considerations in both ground and air instruction. These include:
When carrying out the power check before landing in a confined area, the pilot should estimate what the AUW will be when he or she departs. As a general rule, more power is required for a departure than for an approach, and if power available is found to be limited or marginal during the power check, this factor could be decisive especially about whether to use this Confined Area or not.

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