時間：2011-11-08 20:34來源：藍天飛行翻譯 作者：航空 點擊：次
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1.5.8.3 Encourage the student to develop good study habits. The student should be taught to study for meaning, to attempt to relate what is being learned to something already known. There should be encouragement and assistance in learning not only the "what" of the subject, but also the "how" and "why." In this manner, if rote memory fails, it will still be possible to reason out the answer. 1.5.8.4 Help the student develop an organized program of review. Short periods of review, recitations, and quizzes are helpful, as well as periods of practice. Besides exercising the student's power of recall, occasional quizzes allow the instructor to evaluate the student's progress. Quizzes are especially valuable when they are designed to test the student's application of the knowledge gained. The ability to apply knowledge to a situation is the best proof of understanding. 1.5.8.5 Formation of Habits Habits are formed by turning awareness into perceptions and combining perceptions into insights. Transfer is the application of performance habits formed in one task to the performance of more complicated tasks. Habits of significant importance in flight training are rudder and aileron coordination to prevent skidding and pitch attitude and power coordination to gain desired airplane performance. Transfer of learning occurs when these small habits are employed to accomplish a subsequent task. A flight syllabus usually is organized to take maximum advantage of positive transfer by introducing maneuvers in an order which utilizes the elements learned in one maneuver in the performance of subsequent maneuvers. The formation of correct habit patterns from the beginning of any learning process is essential to further learning. For example, scanning instruments during flight can be developed during an early stage to such an extent it is carried on without conscious attention. Because of this habit pattern, the pilot's attention is aroused immediately when something out of the ordinary is indicated. Pilots may remark, "I couldn't tell you why, but I just happened to notice that the oil pressure was low." They "happened" to notice it because it was their habit to scan the engine instruments. The habit was so ingrained that they were not even aware they were doing it as long as all indications were normal. The abnormal indications aroused attention, made them aware of the situation, and enabled them to take corrective action. If somewhere in their past they had not had an instructor who encouraged formation of this scanning habit, the first awareness of the low oil pressure condition could have been when the engine stopped. |
