時間：2011-04-18 00:52來源：藍(lán)天飛行翻譯 作者：航空 點擊：次
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(See FLIGHT LEVEL.)a.MSL Altitude. Altitude expressed in feet measured from mean sea level. b.AGL Altitude. Altitude expressed in feet measured above ground level. c.Indicated Altitude. The altitude as shown by an altimeter. On a pressure or barometric altimeter it is altitude as shown uncorrected for instrument error and uncompensated for variation from standard atmospheric conditions. (See ICAO term ALTITUDE.)ALTITUDE [ICAO]. The vertical distance of a level, a point or an object considered as a point, measured from mean sea level (MSL). ALTITUDE READOUT. An aircraft’s altitude, transmitted via the Mode C transponder feature, that is visually displayed in 100-foot increments on a radar scope having readout capability. (See ALPHANUMERIC DISPLAY.)(See AUTOMATED RADAR TERMINAL SYSTEMS.)(Refer to AIM.)ALTITUDE RESERVATION. Airspace utilization under prescribed conditions normally employed for the mass movement of aircraft or other special user requirements which cannot otherwise be accomplished. ALTRVs are approved by the appropriate FAA facility. (See AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM COMMAND CENTER.)ALTITUDE RESTRICTION. An altitude or alti-tudes, stated in the order flown, which are to be maintained until reaching a specific point or time. Altitude restrictions may be issued by ATC due to traffic, terrain, or other airspace considerations. ALTITUDE RESTRICTIONS ARE CANCELED. Adherence to previously imposed altitude restric-tions is no longer required during a climb or descent. ALTRV. (See ALTITUDE RESERVATION.)PCG A.10 AMVER. (See AUTOMATED MUTUAL-ASSISTANCE VESSEL RESCUE SYSTEM.)APB. (See AUTOMATED PROBLEM DETECTION BOUNDARY.)APD. (See AUTOMATED PROBLEM DETECTION.)APDIA. (See AUTOMATED PROBLEM DETECTION INHIBITED AREA.)APPROACH CLEARANCE. Authorization by ATC for a pilot to conduct an instrument approach. The type of instrument approach for which a clearance and other pertinent information is provided in the approach clearance when required. (See CLEARED APPROACH.)(See INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURE.)(Refer to AIM.)(Refer to 14 CFR Part 91.)APPROACH CONTROL FACILITY. A terminal ATC facility that provides approach control service in a terminal area. (See APPROACH CONTROL SERVICE.)(See RADAR APPROACH CONTROL FACILITY.)APPROACH CONTROL SERVICE. Air traffic control service provided by an approach control facility for arriving and departing VFR/IFR aircraft and, on occasion, en route aircraft. At some airports not served by an approach control facility, the ARTCC provides limited approach control service. (See ICAO term APPROACH CONTROL SERVICE.)(Refer to AIM.)APPROACH CONTROL SERVICE [ICAO]. Air traffic control service for arriving or departing controlled flights. APPROACH GATE. An imaginary point used within ATC as a basis for vectoring aircraft to the final approach course. The gate will be established along the final approach course 1 mile from the final approach fix on the side away from the airport and will be no closer than 5 miles from the landing threshold. Pilot/Controller Glossary APPROACH LIGHT SYSTEM. (See AIRPORT LIGHTING.)APPROACH SEQUENCE. The order in which aircraft are positioned while on approach or awaiting approach clearance. (See LANDING SEQUENCE.)(See ICAO term APPROACH SEQUENCE.)APPROACH SEQUENCE [ICAO]. The order in which two or more aircraft are cleared to approach to land at the aerodrome. APPROACH SPEED. The recommended speed contained in aircraft manuals used by pilots when making an approach to landing. This speed will vary for different segments of an approach as well as for aircraft weight and configuration. APPROPRIATE ATS AUTHORITY [ICAO]. The relevant authority designated by the State responsible for providing air traffic services in the airspace concerned. In the United States, the “appropriate ATS authority” is the Program Director for Air Traffic Planning and Procedures, ATP-1. APPROPRIATE AUTHORITY. a.Regarding flight over the high seas: the relevant authority is the State of Registry. b.Regarding flight over other than the high seas: the relevant authority is the State having sovereignty over the territory being overflown. APPROPRIATE OBSTACLE CLEARANCE MINIMUM ALTITUDE. Any of the following: (See MINIMUM EN ROUTE IFR ALTITUDE.)(See MINIMUM IFR ALTITUDE.)(See MINIMUM OBSTRUCTION CLEARANCE ALTITUDE.)(See MINIMUM VECTORING ALTITUDE.)APPROPRIATE TERRAIN CLEARANCE MINIMUM ALTITUDE. Any of the following: (See MINIMUM EN ROUTE IFR ALTITUDE.)(See MINIMUM IFR ALTITUDE.)(See MINIMUM OBSTRUCTION CLEARANCE ALTITUDE.)(See MINIMUM VECTORING ALTITUDE.)APRON. A defined area on an airport or heliport intended to accommodate aircraft for purposes of loading or unloading passengers or cargo, refueling, parking, or maintenance. With regard to seaplanes, a ramp is used for access to the apron from the water. (See ICAO term APRON.)PCG A.11 APRON [ICAO]. A defined area, on a land aerodrome, intended to accommodate aircraft for purposes of loading or unloading passengers, mail or cargo, refueling, parking or maintenance. ARC. The track over the ground of an aircraft flying at a constant distance from a navigational aid by reference to distance measuring equipment (DME). AREA CONTROL CENTER [ICAO]. An air traffic control facility primarily responsible for ATC services being provided IFR aircraft during the en route phase of flight. The U.S. equivalent facility is an air route traffic control center (ARTCC). AREA NAVIGATION (RNAV) . RNAV provides enhanced navigational capability to the pilot. RNAV equipment can compute the airplane position, actual track and ground speed and then provide meaningful information relative to a route of flight selected by the pilot. Typical equipment will provide the pilot with distance, time, bearing and crosstrack error relative to the selected “TO” or “active” waypoint and the selected route. Several distinctly different naviga-tional systems with different navigational performance characteristics are capable of providing area navigational functions. Present day RNAV includes INS, LORAN, VOR/DME, and GPS systems. Modern multi-sensor systems can integrate one or more of the above systems to provide a more accurate and reliable navigational system. Due to the different levels of performance, area navigational capabilities can satisfy different levels of required navigational performance (RNP). The major types of equipment are: |
