時間：2011-04-18 00:52來源：藍(lán)天飛行翻譯 作者：航空 點擊：次
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1.Background. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas: Hydrogen sulfide gas in higher concentrations (300.500 ppm) can cause loss of consciousness within a few seconds and presents a hazard to pilots on/near offshore helidecks. When operating in offshore areas that have been identified to have concentrations of hydrogen sulfide gas, the following practices are recommended. 2.Recommended Practices (a)Pilots (1)Ensure approved protective air packs are available for emergency use by the crew on the helicopter. (2)If shutdown on a helideck, request the supervisor in charge provide a briefing on location of protective equipment and safety procedures. (3)If while flying near a helideck and the visual red beacon alarm is observed or an unusually strong odor of “rotten eggs” is detected, immediately don the protective air pack, exit to an area upwind, and notify the suspected source field of the hazard. FIG 10.2.1 Closed Helideck Marking . No Radio Special Operations 10.2.3 (b) Oil Field Supervisors (1)If presence of hydrogen sulfide is detected, a red rotating beacon or red high intensity strobe light adjacent to the primary helideck stairwell or wind indicator on the structure should be turned on to provide visual warning of hazard. If the beacon is to be located near the stairwell, the State of Louisiana “Offshore Heliport Design Guide” and FAA Advisory Circular AC 150/5390.2A, “Heliport Design Guide,” should be reviewed to ensure proper clearance on the helideck. (2)Notify nearby helicopter operators and bases of the hazard and advise when hazard is cleared. (3)Provide a safety briefing to include location of protective equipment to all arriving personnel. (4)Wind socks or indicator should be clearly visible to provide upwind indication for the pilot. h.Gas Venting Helideck/Heliport Operational Hazard Warning(s)/Procedures . Operations Near Gas Vent Booms 1. Background. Ignited flare booms can re-lease a large volume of natural gas and create a hot fire and intense heat with little time for the pilot to react. Likewise, unignited gas vents can release reasonably large volumes of methane gas under certain conditions. Thus, operations conducted very near unignited gas vents require precautions to prevent inadvertent ingestion of combustible gases by the helicopter engine(s). The following practices are recommended. 2. Pilots (a)Gas will drift upwards and downwind of the vent. Plan the approach and takeoff to observe and avoid the area downwind of the vent, remaining as far away as practicable from the open end of the vent boom. (b)Do not attempt to start or land on an offshore helideck when the deck is downwind of a gas vent unless properly trained personnel verify conditions are safe. 3. Oil Field Supervisors (a)During venting of large amounts of unignited raw gas, a red rotating beacon or red high intensity strobe light adjacent to the primary helideck stairwell or wind indicator should be turned on to provide visible warning of hazard. If the beacon is to be located near the stairwell, the State of Louisiana “Offshore Heliport Design Guide” and FAA Advisory Circular AC 150/5390.2A, Heliport Design Guide, should be reviewed to ensure proper clearance from the helideck. (b)Notify nearby helicopter operators and bases of the hazard for planned operations. (c)Wind socks or indicator should be clearly visible to provide upward indication for the pilot. i.Helideck/Heliport Operational Warn-ing(s)/Procedure(s) . Closed Helidecks or Heliports 1. Background. A white “X” marked diago-nally from corner to corner across a helideck or heliport touchdown area is the universally accepted visual indicator that the landing area is closed for safety of other reasons and that helicopter operations are not permitted. The following practices are recommended. (a) Permanent Closing. If a helideck or heliport is to be permanently closed, X diagonals of the same size and location as indicated above should be used, but the markings should be painted on the landing area. NOTE. White Decks: If a helideck is painted white, then international orange or yellow markings can be used for the temporary or permanent diagonals. (b) Temporary Closing. A temporary marker can be used for hazards of an interim nature. This marker could be made from vinyl or other durable material in the shape of a diagonal “X.” The marker should be white with legs at least 20 feet long and 3 feet in width. This marker is designed to be quickly secured and removed from the deck using grommets and rope ties. The duration, time, location, and nature of these temporary closings should be provided to and coordinated with company aviation departments, nearby helicopter bases, and helicopter operators supporting the area. These markers MUST be removed when the hazard no longer exists. (See FIG 10.2.2.)10.2.4 Special Operations FIG 10.2.2 Closed Helideck Marking j. Offshore (VFR) Operating Altitudes for Helicopters 1. Background. Mid.air collisions constitute a significant percentage of total fatal offshore helicopter accidents. A method of reducing this risk is the use of coordinated VFR cruising altitudes. To enhance safety through standardized vertical separa-tion of helicopters when flying in the offshore environment, it is recommended that helicopter operators flying in a particular area establish a cooperatively developed Standard Operating Proce-dure (SOP) for VFR operating altitudes. An example of such an SOP is contained in this example. 2. Recommended Practice Example (a)Field Operations. Without compromis-ing minimum safe operating altitudes, helicopters working within an offshore field “constituting a cluster” should use altitudes not to exceed 500 feet. |
