11.12 Russian Air Traffic Control Entities
Air Traffic Control entities during an arrival are :
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“Approach” will control the aircraft to the traffic pattern, approximately downwind leg.
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“Krug” will then take over control until approximately the outer marker.
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“Tower” controls the aircraft until about 500 meters from the runway and,
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“Start” controls the aircraft from there until clear of the runway, where
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“Ground”, if a separate one exists, take over.
11.13 Miscellaneous Arrival Notes for Russia
Wind speed is reported and forecast in meters per second (MPS). To convert to knots, multiply the meters per second by two.
Rates of climb or descent are communicated in meters per second (MPS). To convert to feet per minute, multiply meters per second by two hundred.
The arrival and departure corridors labeled “by ATC” required specific ATC clearance from the controller. Remember that while flying arrivals, approaches and departures, all altitude changes must be reported both vacating and reaching. Additionally, every course change is reported to ATC. These reports must be given even in radar coverage.
If the glideslope is out of service, at most Russian airports, a localizer only approach is not authorized. Since there are no limited VOR/DME facilities in Russia, this may leave only an NDB approach. The NDB approach may require both ceiling and visibility.
Many Russian approach procedures rely on a turn to downwind for the missed approach, followed by a parallel downwind to rejoin the final approach segment. These are often based upon NDB radials with no DME information. Obviously this does not define a specific ground track.
Arrival, departure, and approach procedure charts may contain altitude and airspace restrictions indicated by dashed lines and ball notes showing their location relative to the published routings.
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