Figure： Flow Classification 
 
viscous flow in pipes  管中的粘性流
external flow  外流
 
Internal flow: Pipe Flows and Open Channel Flows  內(nèi)流：管道流和明渠流
 （A pipe flow is one where the fluid fills the conduit completely. The main driving force is pressure although gravity may also be contributing to the flow. On the other hand, an Open Channel Flow is open where the fluid does not fill the conduit completely. The driving force now is gravity.)
 

conduit  導(dǎo)管，油管，線管，水道
 
turbulent flow  湍流流動(dòng)
transitional flow  轉(zhuǎn)捩流動(dòng)
entrance  n.  入口
enter  v. 進(jìn)入
come into effect 生效，起作用
merge 混合，融入；沒入；合并
parabolic   a. 拋物形[型]（的）
fully developed flow 充分發(fā)展流動(dòng)
from a practical point of view  從一個(gè)實(shí)用的觀點(diǎn)看
pressure drop  壓降
radial distance  徑向距離
volumetric flow rate  體積流量
logarithmic overlap law  對(duì)數(shù)重迭律
wall layer   近壁層
outer layer  外層
overlap layer  重疊層
 
Kármán constant 卡門常數(shù)
Power Law Velocity Profile 指數(shù)律速度剖面
exponent 指數(shù)，冪
 
6.5 Experiments in Gasdynamics
apparatus  儀器
take note of  注意
the high-pressure gas supply line  高壓氣供應(yīng)線
a manually operated valve  手動(dòng)操作閥
converging-diverging nozzle  收縮—擴(kuò)張噴管
upstream stagnation pressure  上游滯止壓強(qiáng)
choke at the throat  喉部壅塞
static pressure ports 靜壓測(cè)孔
discrepancy  偏差，誤差 
shock waves  激波 
Schlieren optical system   紋影儀光學(xué)系統(tǒng)
shock/expansion wave system   激波膨脹波系 
oblique shock wave  斜激波
Prandtl-Meyer expansion fan  普朗特—梅耶爾膨脹波扇 
perfect gas theory model  完全氣體理論模型
nozzle geometry  噴管幾何形狀       
Rarefied Gas Flow  稀薄氣體流動(dòng)
microscale flow   微尺度流動(dòng)
Molecular Simulation (Monte-Carlo) (DSMC) technique 蒙特-卡羅直接分子模擬技術(shù) 
statistical behaviour of gas molecules 氣體分子統(tǒng)計(jì)特性
 
 
7. Propulsion
predict  vt. 預(yù)示，預(yù)估
performance of a propeller  螺旋槳性能
fans or windmills  風(fēng)扇或風(fēng)車
blade element theory   葉片單元理論
hub  輪軸
axial and angular momentum  軸向動(dòng)量和角動(dòng)量 
non-linear equation(s)  非線性方程
overall performance of the propeller  螺旋槳整體性能
secondary effect(s)   二次效應(yīng)